Mountains in Nahj al-Balagha with a Perspective on Geological Findings

In sermons 1, 91, 177, and 211 of Nahj al-Balagha, various discussions on mountains are presented using different expressions to guide human beings toward recognizing the unique and omnipotent Creator. Geologists and earth science researchers assert that mountains have formed and evolved over long geological periods. Orogeny in the Earth's crust occurs through processes such as subduction at active continental margins, folding of rock layers, or magmatic intrusions from molten magma, leading to various mountain formations, including volcanoes. Analyzing the references to mountains and their descriptions in these sermons reveals that these scientific insights align with well-established geological concepts such as plate tectonics, isostasy, the deep-rooted nature of mountains, their internal structure, their role in stabilizing the Earth's movements, and their environmental benefits. This coherence not only confirms the harmony between these statements and modern geological findings but also reinforces the divine origin of these words.