The Experience of Wilayat al-Faqih in the Study of Religious Democracy

This study aims to analyze the experience of Wilayat al-Faqih (Guardianship of the Jurist) as a model of religious democracy in Iran, focusing on the intellectual foundations laid by Imam Khomeini and their practical applications within the Islamic political system. The issues of religious and popular legitimacy of government, as well as the role of public will within the framework of Sharia, are central to the debate on the Islamic political system. Since governance in this system is based on religious principles, defining the people’s role in selecting and overseeing leadership presents a complex problem that requires careful analysis. Using a descriptive-analytical methodology, this study reviews the concept of religious democracy according to Imam Khomeini’s perspective, emphasizing key elements such as: The popular election of the just jurist (faqih), Equality and respect for the rights of religious minorities, Freedom within the framework of Islamic law, Consultation (shura) and the rejection of despotism, The dismissal of the leader in the event of deviation from Sharia. The findings indicate that the Wilayat al-Faqih system integrates both religious legitimacy and popular participation, whereby the people are essential partners in legitimizing governance through election and oversight. Furthermore, religious democracy in this system is founded on Qur’anic principles such as justice, consultation, and human dignity, making it a balanced model that reconciles religious constants with modern societal requirements. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that religious democracy under Wilayat al-Faqih is not merely a political theory but a practical experience that harmonizes divine sovereignty with popular will, while upholding Islamic values as a guarantee for justice and responsible freedom.